WEEK-9 INTERNET

This course is called computer and internet. For the last 8 weeks we were studying computer and network but week 9 is about more interesting topic which is INTERNET.

Historically, the idea of internet was invented in 1960. And know internet now become one of our daily life.
In this week we have learned

• Internet History
• Applications of internet like emails
• Browsers 
• internet service provider

Week 7: Microsoft Excel

In week 7 we studied Microsoft Excel.
Ms Excel is one of the spreed sheet applications written and distributed by Microsoft office.
If you want to open a Microsoft Excel you can double click on the Ms excel icon on the desktop or you can search from start menu.

Ms excel is capable of calculating numerical values which word cannot and you can use all financial reports.

Week 6: MICROSOFT WORD

During week 6 we have learned an important lessons. Microsoft word is a crucial for all users such as students, teachers, writers and etc. In Microsoft word you can  the size, shape and add tables, pictures and you can prepare your own documents.

How to start Microsoft word?
In order to start Microsoft word double click the M Sword icon on the desktop. Then you will start using it.

You can produce different styles of documents by using Microsoft word.

Week 5

WINDOWS 7

In week 5 we have learned MS Windows, its features and also its properties. First we talked about the history of Microsoft and its production.

The latest version of a series of Operating Systems that Microsoft has produced for use on personal computers.

Gadgets

You can select or download gadgets such as a slide show, calendar or weather update to add to your Desktop.

Taskbar

The taskbar is now more convenient to use with larger views and easier access.

Search

In start menu there is a search place where you can search all of your documents in your computer. When you start typing the matching names will appear.

Library

Libraries allow you to organize your files in one place so they are easy to search and access.

Windows 7 has four default Libraries for documents, music, pictures and videos, however you can customize and create your own Libraries based on your needs.

Aero

Aero is an interface that makes your visual interactions with the desktop fun and easy.

  

Finding file and folder

Using search

Locate the Search bar at the top right corner of the Windows Explorer pane.

Typing the file name or keyword.

Search will start displaying matching items even before you finish typing

Week 4: Networking

 COMPUTER NETWORING
This week was my favourite week because this topic is very interesting and I like computer networking system.

What is networking?

Networking is a group of computers and other devices connected in some ways so that they can exchange data and information.  In order to make a computer networking system we should have communication media, interconnecting devices, computers, network software and applications.

When we get these three conditions our computer network will be successful:

Ø   Topology: physical layout of the network

Ø  Protocol: is a set of rules and instructions

Ø  Architecture: the coordination of hardware and software

Network medium

Network medium is the

There are two types of network medium

Ø  Physical medium: it is also called wired medium. There are a number of different types of network wires such as twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, fiber-obtic cables, etc.

Ø  Wireless medium: is a modern medium without wire. This medium uses electromagnetic waves such as microwave system, infrared technology, satellite system, etc.

Types of network

There are a number of network types

Ø  Network in a small geographical area called LOCAL AREA NETWORK LAN

Ø  Network in a city called METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK MAN

Ø  Network across countries and globe called  WIDE AREA NETWORK WAN 

  

Peer to peer network

In peer to peer network computer are considered similar and no one has higher access period than the other. 

Week 3

What is computer software?

Computer software is a collection of computer programs and related data that provides the instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do a particular task.

What are the types of computer software?

The answer is, there are three categories of software which are:

Ø  System software: controls and maintains the operations of the computer and its device.

Ø  Application software: makes users more productive and assists them with their tasks.

Ø  Programming language: it suits programmers to communicate with computers

We also learned software layers which are the steps followed by a computer user.

Application program is where the normal computer use occurs such as using word program.

Operating system receives and order from the application program and it checks. When it realizes that the data is safe it proceeds to the next step.

Device driver has a contact with printers and other hardware. It is also able to connect OS directly to hardware devices.

Bios (system software) Contains library routines and common tools that hide the operating system from applications.

Operating system

What is operating system?

An operating system (OS) is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer program.

What are the functions of operating system?

Ø  Performing computer basis tasks

Ø  Provides a user interface

Ø  Provides file management

System software

What is system software?

System software runs the hardware and computer system.

Functions of system software

Ø Monitoring system activities

Ø File and disk management

 Applications software

What is application software?

Application software was designed to help the users to perform specific task like business activity, office suits, and graphics software and media players.  

What are the functions of applications software?

Ø  Application software provides high level service that users can access.

Ø  Application software inter acts other software to do their necessary tasks. 

WEEK 2: Computer Hardware Basics

Section 1: Computer History
During the second week we started to learn the history of the computer and its improvement.

Generation	1st Generation	2nd Genration	3rd Genration	4th Generation
Features	-electronic emitting device -Data and programs are stored in a single read-write memory -Memory contents are addressable by location, regardless of the content itself -Machine language/assemble language	-One program at a time. -on/off switch controlled by electrically -high language -Floating point arithmetic	-thousands of transistors -semiconductor memory -mulitiple computer models -smaller than previous generations	-millions of transistor -single chip processor -inventing of PCs -data communication usage -massively parallel machine
Use	To calculate trajectories for ballistic shells during World War II			Every task
Time	1940-1950	1950-1964	1964-1974	1974-present
Inventor	Mauchly & Echert	William Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Brattain
Name	ENIAC	Transistor	Integrated Circuits (IC)	VLSI/ULSI
Materials used	Around 18000 vacuum tubes and 1500 relays	Vacuum tubes were replaced by transistors	Semiconductor memory	Millions of transistor

 Computer technology is improving day after another. So for the next 10 years there will be a big change on computer and technology.

Computer Architecture
What is computer architecture?
Computer architecture is the study of selecting and interconnecting hardware components to create computers that satisfy functional performance and cost goals.
It concerns with internal hardware and software that determines the performance and capability of computer.

 Processor: is the center for manipulation and control.
Memory: is the storage for instructions and data
1/0 System:  controller
Data path and control: a collection of data transmitters and wires.



We also learned the computer power and speed. Power and speed is what makes computer useful and important. The speed of computer is measured in Hertz(Hz)  which is the number of cycle per second. And its capacity is measured in Bytes(B) so 1byte is 8 bits.

Types of Computer
1. Embedded computer:computers with specific function

2. Mobile computer:

3. Personal computer

4. Mid range server
 
5. Mainframe computer

6. Super computers




Section 2: Motherboard, CPU and Main Memory
 System Unit
system unit is a case which contains electronic components such as processor, memory, expansion cards, and many more.

System unit components

• Processor 
• Memory Module
• Expansion cards: sound cards, modern card, video card and network card
• Portal and connectors

Motherboard 
What is motherboard?

Motherboard is a printed circuit board which holds many of the circuit system of the crucial component of the system such as CPU and Memory and it gives connectors for other peripherals.
Motherboard also called System board.





Processor 
Processor is the most important part of the computer. It manipulates and controls the data in computer. A set of wires carry the information in between different parts of computer known as bus system. 

Central processing unit (CPU)
CPU is the brain of the computer and it takes all major decisions and calculations. CPU is the Memory + the Processor. CPU is measured in Megahertz(MHz).

So what are the functions of CPU?

• CPU changes data into information.
• It performs operations which make computer run.

 What are the components of CPU?

1. Control unit (CU)

Is the part of the computer that controls computer activity and it communicates the other part of the computer hardware.
2. Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
ALU performs mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

After this, we studied RAM and ROM. So what is the difference between RAM and ROM?
RAM (Random Access Memory): it holds the data and program instructions which is being used by the processor and it looses all the data when the power supply is turned off.
ROM (Read Only Memory): it holds the program instructions and settings required to set up the computer. It doesn't looses the content when the power supply is off.

Section 3: Input And Output

In this part we have learned the difference between input and output and also their devices. So input is any data or instruction entered into the memory of a computer while output is any data that is modified into a useful information. 
There are input devices such as keyboard, pointing devices like mouse, sound and video devices, scanner and many more.

Output devices are hardware devices that allow the production of an information. Some of output devices are: display devices like computer screen, printers, audio output devices, etc.

Storage

Finally we learned the storage and types of storage devices. Storage holds data and instructions for future use. While storage medium is the device that conveys the storing activity.